path: root/internal/wireguard/wireguard.go

//go:build linux

package wireguard

import (
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/hex"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/netip"
	"os"
	"os/exec"
	"runtime"
	"strconv"
	"strings"

	"git.theodohertyfamily.com/tools/wg-wrap/pkg/wgconf"
	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/conn"
	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/device"
	"golang.zx2c4.com/wireguard/tun"
)

// Tunnel represents an active Userspace WireGuard tunnel inside a network namespace.
type Tunnel struct {
	Device *device.Device
	Tun    tun.Device
}

// StartTunnel creates a TUN device, launches wireguard-go over it, and configures IPs/routes.
func StartTunnel(cfg *wgconf.Config, dnsServer string) (*Tunnel, error) {
	// 1. Create the TUN device inside the current (isolated) namespace
	// We use the default name 'tun0'
	tunName := "tun0"
	mtu := 1420

	// Ensure the mount namespace is private to prevent mount propagation to the host.
	// This is critical for the bind-mount of /etc/resolv.conf to work in rootless environments.
	if err := unix.Mount("", "/", "", unix.MS_REC|unix.MS_PRIVATE, ""); err != nil {
		// We log this as a warning because some environments might not allow this,
		// but we can still try to proceed.
		fmt.Printf("warning: failed to make mount namespace private: %v\n", err)
	}

	// Block host services (D-Bus, nscd) to prevent name resolution leak bypasses
	if err := BlockHostServices(); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("warning: failed to block host services: %v\n", err)
	}

	tunDev, err := tun.CreateTUN(tunName, mtu)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create TUN device %s: %w", tunName, err)
	}

	// 2. Instantiate the userspace WireGuard device
	logger := device.NewLogger(device.LogLevelSilent, "[wg-wrap] ")
	var bind conn.Bind

	// Check if a pre-opened host UDP socket file descriptor was passed first (Approach A - FD Passing)
	if hostSocketFdStr := os.Getenv("WG_WRAP_HOST_SOCKET_FD"); hostSocketFdStr != "" {
		if fd, err := strconv.Atoi(hostSocketFdStr); err == nil && fd > 0 {
			if fdBind, err := NewFDBind(fd); err == nil {
				bind = fdBind
			}
		}
	}

	// Fallback to NewHostBind or standard Bind if no host socket was passed
	if bind == nil {
		bind = conn.NewDefaultBind()
		if hostNetNSFdStr := os.Getenv("WG_WRAP_HOST_NETNS_FD"); hostNetNSFdStr != "" {
			if fd, err := strconv.Atoi(hostNetNSFdStr); err == nil && fd > 0 {
				bind = NewHostBind(bind, fd)
			}
		}
	}

	wgDev := device.NewDevice(tunDev, bind, logger)

	// 3. Formulate the UAPI configuration string to configure peers/keys
	uapiConf, err := buildUAPIConfig(cfg)
	if err != nil {
		wgDev.Close()
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build UAPI config: %w", err)
	}

	// Apply configuration via UAPI (IpcSet)
	if err := wgDev.IpcSet(uapiConf); err != nil {
		wgDev.Close()
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure WireGuard device: %w", err)
	}

	// Enable device
	if err := wgDev.Up(); err != nil {
		wgDev.Close()
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to bring up WireGuard device: %w", err)
	}

	// 4. Configure network interface using standard Linux network commands (iproute2)
	// Since we are mapped to root (UID 0) inside our isolated network namespace,
	// we have complete control over local network interfaces without affecting the host.
	if err := configureInterface(tunName, cfg.Address, mtu); err != nil {
		wgDev.Close()
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to configure network interface %s: %w", tunName, err)
	}

	// Configure DNS resolver inside the namespace
	if err := ConfigureResolvConf(dnsServer); err != nil {
		// We treat DNS failure as a warning rather than a fatal error to allow
		// the tunnel to function even if /etc/resolv.conf is read-only.
		fmt.Printf("warning: failed to configure DNS resolver: %v\n", err)
	}

	return &Tunnel{
		Device: wgDev,
		Tun:    tunDev,
	}, nil
}

// Close shuts down the userspace WireGuard device and closes the TUN interface.
func (t *Tunnel) Close() {
	if t.Device != nil {
		t.Device.Close()
	}
}

// keyToHex ensures a WireGuard key is in hexadecimal format, converting from base64 if needed.
func keyToHex(key string) (string, error) {
	// Try base64 decoding first
	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(key)
	if err == nil && len(decoded) == 32 {
		return hex.EncodeToString(decoded), nil
	}

	// Try decoding as hex
	if len(key) == 64 {
		if _, err := hex.DecodeString(key); err == nil {
			return strings.ToLower(key), nil
		}
	}

	return "", fmt.Errorf("key is neither valid base64 nor hex 32-byte key: %s", key)
}

// buildUAPIConfig translates our wgconf.Config into the standard WireGuard UAPI format
func buildUAPIConfig(cfg *wgconf.Config) (string, error) {
	var sb strings.Builder

	// Global section
	if cfg.PrivateKey != "" {
		hexKey, err := keyToHex(cfg.PrivateKey)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid PrivateKey: %w", err)
		}
		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "private_key=%s\n", hexKey)
	}

	// If there are existing peers, remove them first to have a clean state
	sb.WriteString("replace_peers=true\n")

	// Peer sections
	for _, peer := range cfg.Peers {
		if peer.PublicKey == "" {
			continue
		}
		hexKey, err := keyToHex(peer.PublicKey)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid Peer PublicKey: %w", err)
		}
		_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "public_key=%s\n", hexKey)

		if peer.Endpoint != "" {
			_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "endpoint=%s\n", peer.Endpoint)
		}

		for _, allowedIP := range peer.AllowedIPs {
			trimmed := strings.TrimSpace(allowedIP)
			if trimmed != "" {
				_, _ = fmt.Fprintf(&sb, "allowed_ip=%s\n", trimmed)
			}
		}
	}

	return sb.String(), nil
}

// configureInterface uses the 'ip' command to set address, MTU, and default routing table
func configureInterface(name, address string, mtu int) error {
	// Set MTU and bring up link
	// ip link set dev tun0 mtu 1420 up
	cmd := exec.Command("ip", "link", "set", "dev", name, "mtu", fmt.Sprintf("%d", mtu), "up")
	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to set link %s state/mtu: %v", name, err)
	}

	// Add IP address
	// ip addr add <address> dev tun0
	cmd = exec.Command("ip", "addr", "add", address, "dev", name)
	if _, err := cmd.CombinedOutput(); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to add address %s to link %s: %v", address, name, err)
	}

	// Set default route or peer routes.
	// For transparent userspace tunneling inside an isolated network namespace,
	// we route all traffic (0.0.0.0/0) through our TUN device 'tun0'.
	cmd = exec.Command("ip", "route", "add", "default", "dev", name)
	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
		// If a default route already exists, we replace it or log the warning
		// We try to replace first
		cmdReplace := exec.Command("ip", "route", "replace", "default", "dev", name)
		if errReplace := cmdReplace.Run(); errReplace != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to configure default route to %s: %v", name, errReplace)
		}
	}

	return nil
}

// GetTunnelLocalIP extracts the local IP address (without CIDR) from the config.
func GetTunnelLocalIP(cfg *wgconf.Config) (string, error) {
	if cfg.Address == "" {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("profile has no Address configured")
	}
	parts := strings.Split(cfg.Address, "/")
	ipStr := parts[0]
	ip, err := netip.ParseAddr(ipStr)
	if err != nil {
		return "", fmt.Errorf("invalid IP address in config '%s': %w", ipStr, err)
	}
	return ip.String(), nil
}

func ConfigureResolvConf(dns string) error {
	if dns == "" {
		return nil
	}

	// To avoid modifying the host's /etc/resolv.conf, we use the private mount namespace.
	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "resolvconf")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp resolv.conf: %w", err)
	}
	defer func() { _ = tmpFile.Close() }()

	content := fmt.Sprintf("nameserver %s\n", dns)
	if _, err := tmpFile.WriteString(content); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to temp resolv.conf: %w", err)
	}

	// 1. Bind-mount the temp file over /etc/resolv.conf
	if err := unix.Mount(tmpFile.Name(), "/etc/resolv.conf", "", unix.MS_BIND, ""); err != nil {
		_ = os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to bind-mount %s to /etc/resolv.conf: %w", tmpFile.Name(), err)
	}

	// Unlink the temporary source file. Since /etc/resolv.conf is a bind mount,
	// the kernel will keep the inode alive, but the file is removed from /tmp.
	_ = os.Remove(tmpFile.Name())

	// 2. Make the mount private to ensure it doesn't propagate back to the host
	// and to satisfy kernel requirements for mount transitions in some environments.
	// We do this by applying MS_PRIVATE in a separate mount call.
	if err := unix.Mount("", "/etc/resolv.conf", "", unix.MS_PRIVATE, ""); err != nil {
		// If MS_PRIVATE fails, we can log a warning but proceed since / is already private
		fmt.Printf("warning: failed to make /etc/resolv.conf mount private: %v\n", err)
	}

	return nil
}

// BlockHostServices blocks local D-Bus and name service cache daemon (nscd) sockets
// inside the mount namespace. This prevents glibc from bypassing the network namespace
// isolation via host services (e.g. systemd-resolved via D-Bus).
func BlockHostServices() error {
	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "wg-wrap-block-")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp dir: %w", err)
	}
	defer func() { _ = os.Remove(tmpDir) }()

	tmpFile, err := os.CreateTemp("", "wg-wrap-block-file-")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create temp file: %w", err)
	}
	tmpFileName := tmpFile.Name()
	_ = tmpFile.Close()
	defer func() { _ = os.Remove(tmpFileName) }()

	// Specific socket files and directories to block
	pathsToBlock := []string{
		"/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
		"/run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve",
		"/run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve.Monitor",
		"/run/nscd/socket",
		"/var/run/dbus/system_bus_socket",
		"/var/run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve",
		"/var/run/systemd/resolve/io.systemd.Resolve.Monitor",
		"/var/run/nscd/socket",
	}

	for _, p := range pathsToBlock {
		stat, err := os.Stat(p)
		if err == nil {
			source := tmpFileName
			if stat.IsDir() {
				source = tmpDir
			}
			if err := unix.Mount(source, p, "", unix.MS_BIND, ""); err != nil {
				fmt.Printf("warning: failed to bind-mount block over %s: %v\n", p, err)
			} else {
				_ = unix.Mount("", p, "", unix.MS_PRIVATE, "")
			}
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// HostBind wraps a standard conn.Bind so that its socket creation (Open)
// is forced to execute within a host network namespace.
type HostBind struct {
	inner       conn.Bind
	hostNetNSFd int
}

func NewHostBind(inner conn.Bind, hostNetNSFd int) *HostBind {
	return &HostBind{inner: inner, hostNetNSFd: hostNetNSFd}
}

func (h *HostBind) Open(port uint16) (fns []conn.ReceiveFunc, actualPort uint16, err error) {
	runtime.LockOSThread()
	defer runtime.UnlockOSThread()

	// Open/save a reference to our current isolated network namespace to switch back to.
	isolatedFd, err := unix.Open("/proc/self/ns/net", unix.O_RDONLY, 0)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to open isolated netns: %w", err)
	}
	defer func() { _ = unix.Close(isolatedFd) }()

	// Temporarily switch this thread to the host network namespace
	if err := unix.Setns(h.hostNetNSFd, unix.CLONE_NEWNET); err != nil {
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to join host netns: %w", err)
	}

	// Sockets are opened in the host network namespace!
	fns, actualPort, err = h.inner.Open(port)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to open sockets in host netns: %w", err)
	}

	// Switch this thread back to the isolated network namespace
	if err := unix.Setns(isolatedFd, unix.CLONE_NEWNET); err != nil {
		_ = h.inner.Close()
		// CRITICAL: The thread is stuck in the host network namespace. Returning it to the Go runtime pool
		// will cause other goroutines to run in the host namespace, breaching isolation. We must panic
		// immediately to abort the process and prevent a namespace escape.
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("CRITICAL: failed to restore isolated netns: %v", err))
	}

	return fns, actualPort, nil
}

func (h *HostBind) Close() error {
	return h.inner.Close()
}

func (h *HostBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
	return h.inner.SetMark(mark)
}

func (h *HostBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint conn.Endpoint) error {
	// Linux socket routing maps to the namespace in which the socket was created,
	// so h.inner.Send will automatically route via host namespace without Setns here!
	return h.inner.Send(bufs, endpoint)
}

func (h *HostBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) {
	return h.inner.ParseEndpoint(s)
}

func (h *HostBind) BatchSize() int {
	return h.inner.BatchSize()
}

// FDBind implements the conn.Bind interface by wrapping a pre-opened
// host UDP socket file descriptor. This allows unprivileged processes inside
// network namespaces to communicate over the host network loop.
type FDBind struct {
	originalFd int
	conn       *net.UDPConn
}

type FDEndpoint struct {
	addr netip.AddrPort
}

func (e *FDEndpoint) DstIP() netip.Addr {
	return e.addr.Addr()
}

func (e *FDEndpoint) DstToString() string {
	return e.addr.String()
}

func (e *FDEndpoint) DstToBytes() []byte {
	return e.addr.Addr().AsSlice()
}

func (e *FDEndpoint) ClearSrc() {}

func (e *FDEndpoint) SrcIP() netip.Addr {
	return netip.Addr{}
}

func (e *FDEndpoint) SrcToString() string {
	return ""
}

func (e *FDEndpoint) SrcIfidx() int32 {
	return 0
}

func NewFDBind(fd int) (*FDBind, error) {
	return &FDBind{originalFd: fd}, nil
}

func (b *FDBind) Open(port uint16) (fns []conn.ReceiveFunc, actualPort uint16, err error) {
	// Duplicate the original fd so we can close the duplicated socket during
	// transitions or shutdown, while preserving the ability to re-open/re-bind it later.
	dupFd, err := unix.Dup(b.originalFd)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to duplicate host socket fd: %w", err)
	}

	file := os.NewFile(uintptr(dupFd), "host-udp-socket")
	pconn, err := net.FilePacketConn(file)
	if err != nil {
		_ = file.Close()
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to wrap fd %d as packet conn: %w", dupFd, err)
	}

	udpConn, ok := pconn.(*net.UDPConn)
	if !ok {
		_ = pconn.Close()
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("fd %d is not a UDP socket", dupFd)
	}
	b.conn = udpConn

	laddr, ok := b.conn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
	if !ok {
		return nil, 0, fmt.Errorf("local address is not a UDP address")
	}
	actualPort = uint16(laddr.Port)

	receive := func(packets [][]byte, sizes []int, eps []conn.Endpoint) (n int, err error) {
		if len(packets) == 0 {
			return 0, nil
		}
		if b.conn == nil {
			return 0, net.ErrClosed
		}
		nBytes, addr, err := b.conn.ReadFromUDP(packets[0])
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		sizes[0] = nBytes
		addrPort := addr.AddrPort()
		eps[0] = &FDEndpoint{addr: addrPort}
		return 1, nil
	}

	return []conn.ReceiveFunc{receive}, actualPort, nil
}

func (b *FDBind) Close() error {
	if b.conn != nil {
		err := b.conn.Close()
		b.conn = nil
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func (b *FDBind) SetMark(mark uint32) error {
	return nil
}

func (b *FDBind) Send(bufs [][]byte, endpoint conn.Endpoint) error {
	if b.conn == nil {
		return net.ErrClosed
	}
	addrPort, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(endpoint.DstToString())
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse destination endpoint %s: %w", endpoint.DstToString(), err)
	}
	addr := net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(addrPort)

	for _, buf := range bufs {
		_, err := b.conn.WriteToUDP(buf, addr)
		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to write to UDP socket: %w", err)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (b *FDBind) ParseEndpoint(s string) (conn.Endpoint, error) {
	addrPort, err := netip.ParseAddrPort(s)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse endpoint address %s: %w", s, err)
	}
	return &FDEndpoint{addr: addrPort}, nil
}

func (b *FDBind) BatchSize() int {
	return 1
}